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Turkey’s Mediterranean Region: A Timeless Attraction
Turkey’s Mediterranean Region has long been a favorite destination, renowned for its magnificent natural beauty, unmatched weather conditions, and rich historical heritage.
In ancient times, its visitors included kings, conquerors, pirates, and marauders, many of whom left an indelible mark on the region. They built cities, castles, ports, and temples, shaping the Mediterranean’s cultural and architectural landscape.
The Geography of the Mediterranean Region
Known as “Akdeniz” in Turkish, the Mediterranean Region is bordered by the Aegean to the west, Central Anatolia to the north, and Southeastern Anatolia to the east. Its lush, mountainous terrain is dominated by the Taurus Mountains, and the region enjoys more than 300 days of sunshine each year, making it a true haven for nature and beach lovers.
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Ancient Cities in Antalya
Xanthos
Located in Antalya’s Kaş district, Xanthos was the capital of Lycia and dates back to 3000 BCE. As the administrative center of the Lycians, Xanthos, along with Letoon, was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1988.
Patara Ancient City
One of the oldest settlements of the Lycian League, Patara is a symbol of Anatolian history. Visitors can explore numerous historical remnants in this archaeological site, including the ancient theater and the Arch of Triumph.
Simena and Kekova
Simena, situated near Demre and Kaş, can only be accessed by sea. This ancient city boasts a stunning view of the sunken city of Kekova Island. The site features a well-preserved castle and underwater rock tombs.
Myra Ancient City
Located in Demre, Myra was one of the most powerful cities of the Lycian League. It is famous for its well-preserved Roman theater and rock-cut tombs. The city is also home to the Church of St. Nicholas, who is better known as Santa Claus.
Phaselis
Situated near Kemer, Phaselis was founded by the Rhodians in the 7th century BCE. This ancient port city with three natural harbors is rich in history and features impressive ruins.
Olympos
Located on the southern slopes of Mount Tahtalı near Çıralı, Olympos was a Lycian League member and an important maritime trading city. Today, the area is a national park, attracting nature and history enthusiasts.
Termessos
Set on a steep slope covered with pine forests, Termessos is one of Turkey’s best-preserved ancient cities. It is famously known as one of the few cities that Alexander the Great could not conquer.
Perge
An important city of Pamphylia, Perge is located east of Antalya. Visitors can admire artifacts displayed along the path leading to the ancient stadium.
Aspendos
Near Serik, Aspendos is home to one of the best-preserved Roman theaters in the world. The theater is still used for concerts and opera festivals today.
Side
One of the most famous ancient cities in Turkey, Side was a harbor city whose name means "pomegranate." Its theater, built on arched columns, is the largest in the region.
Maiden’s Castle in Mersin
Known as Deniz Kalesi (Sea Castle), Maiden’s Castle is an iconic landmark of Mersin’s coastline. Located on a small islet off the coast of Erdemli, the castle’s construction dates back to 1199 under King Leo I. During the Roman period, it was used as a haven for pirates and has since been controlled by various civilizations, including the Seleucids, Romans, Byzantines, Seljuks, Armenians, and Ottomans.
Anavarza Ancient City in Adana
Located in Dilekkaya Village, 28 km south of Kozan, Anavarza became a major metropolitan center under Roman rule in the 1st century BCE. Its highlights include a colonnaded street, baths, theater, necropolis, aqueducts, and the Middle Ages Castle situated on a hill. The site was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List in 2014.
Sagalassos Ancient City in Burdur
Situated on Mount Akdağ in the Taurus Mountains, Sagalassos was the capital of Pisidia and reached its zenith during Emperor Hadrian’s reign. Known as one of Asia Minor's best-preserved cities, it features magnificent ruins and monumental structures. The site has been on the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List for nearly a decade.
Titus Vespasianus Tunnel in Hatay
Commissioned by Roman Emperor Vespasian in 69 CE, this tunnel was constructed to protect against floods. Measuring 1380 meters in length, it is entirely carved into the mountain. The tunnel was included in the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List in 2014.
Isparta's Ancient Heritage
Isparta is home to numerous ancient artifacts and landmarks, including the Firdevs Paşa Mosque and Kınık Minaret. The city museum houses Roman reliefs and Ottoman-era artworks, while nearby towns like Yalvaç and Sarıkırkağaç boast deep historical roots.
Karatepe-Aslantaş Open-Air Museum in Osmaniye
Located 24 km east of Osmaniye’s Kadirli district, Karatepe was a Late Hittite border fortress built in the 8th century BCE. It serves as Turkey’s first and largest open-air museum, preserving historical treasures and surrounded by natural beauty. It was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List in 2020.
Germanicia Ancient City in Kahramanmaraş
Conquered by the Romans in 64 BCE, Germanicia is renowned for its Late Roman and Early Byzantine-era mosaics. These intricate artworks depict daily life, architecture, and cultural conditions of the time, reflecting the city’s rich history.
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Piyaz in Antalya
Piyaz is a simple yet flavorful dish made with white or navy beans, red onion, parsley, and seasoned with vinegar. It is traditionally served alongside köfte (Turkish-style grilled meatballs) and other grilled meats. This affordable and easy-to-prepare dish is a staple in Antalya’s culinary culture.
Adana Kebab in Adana
Adana Kebab is more than just a dish; it’s a cultural symbol of Adana. The process of preparing this iconic dish is meticulous. The meat, sourced from a one- or two-year-old male lamb, is free of sinew, rested for a day, and then minced by hand. The skewers, crafted by local blacksmiths, are as unique as the kebab itself.
Served with lavash bread soaked in a mixture of oil and tomato paste, Adana Kebab is accompanied by shepherd’s salad, fresh greens, and onion salad with sumac. This dish represents the pride and joy of Adana’s culinary heritage.
Künefe in Hatay
Künefe, the world-renowned dessert of Hatay, is made by cooking shredded wheat with local unsalted künefe cheese in a copper pan over a coal fire. Once cooked, it’s drenched in syrup and served hot.
In Hatay, you’ll find countless künefeci (shops specializing in künefe). Although the ingredients remain the same, the taste varies depending on the skill of the master. Antakya Center and Harbiye are famous spots to try this dessert and discover your favorite version.
The Künefeciler Bazaar in Hatay offers both the ingredients needed for künefe and frozen, ready-to-eat künefe for domestic and international travelers.
Tantuni in Mersin
Tantuni, a famous street food from Mersin, is a lavash wrap filled with julienned lamb or beef, boiled and then roasted with oil on a special iron pan. It is served with tomatoes, onions, parsley, and pickled chili peppers.
The unique Tantuni pan features a curved center, designed to concentrate heat for perfectly cooked meat. This simple yet delicious wrap is a must-try in Mersin.
Traditional Maraş Ice Cream in Kahramanmaraş
Traditional Maraş Ice Cream is made using goat milk, salep, and sugar. The milk comes from goats fed on keven herbs, giving the ice cream its distinctive flavor. The salep, derived from the roots of wild orchids native to Kahramanmaraş, provides its unique aroma and texture.
Etli Sac Kömbe (Meat Pastry) in Osmaniye
Etli Sac Kömbe, a pastry filled with meat, is cooked in ash between two iron plates. A popular dish for feasts, it is traditionally served with ayran (a yogurt-based drink).
Apple and Cherry in Isparta
Thanks to its fertile soils, Isparta is renowned for producing some of the finest apples and cherries in Turkey. These fruits are a testament to the region’s agricultural richness.
Şiş Köfte (Meatball on Skewer) in Burdur
Şiş Köfte, also known as Burdur Şiş Köfte, is a unique grilled meat dish originating from Burdur. Traditionally served with pita bread and roasted green peppers, this dish has gained fame beyond its local roots, becoming a favorite throughout Turkey.
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Mount Tahtalı in Antalya
The Taurus Mountains of Turkey’s Mediterranean region are home to expansive forests of cedar and pine trees. At 2,365 meters, Mount Tahtalı (Tahtalı Dağı) is the highest peak in the Mediterranean section of the Taurus Mountain Range.
Located on the east coast of the Teke Peninsula (Lycian Peninsula), Mount Tahtalı dominates the landscape around the Kemer district. In ancient times, it was called Olympus, believed to be the home of the gods, a name shared with other high mountains. The area was also home to an ancient town of the same name.
Visitors can ascend the summit of Mount Tahtalı via the Olympos Aerial Tram, offering stunning views of the region.
Lake Salda in Burdur
Lake Salda, located 4 kilometers from Yeşilova town center in Burdur, is a natural wonder. Known for its white sand beaches and crystal-clear water, it is a crater lake covering 4,370 hectares with a maximum depth of 196 meters, making it one of Turkey’s deepest lakes.
The lake is surrounded by lush wildlife, including quails, hares, foxes, boars, and wild ducks that thrive in the surrounding dark black forests. Its unique natural beauty makes it a must-visit destination.
Yumurtalık Nature Protection Area in Adana
The Yumurtalık Lagoons feature a diverse wetland system that includes salt marshes, freshwater marshes, mudflats, reeds, sand dunes, and pine forests. The main wetlands include Yumurtalık Lagoon, Yelkoma Lake, Ömer Lake, Yapı Lake, and Darboğaz Lake.
This area is internationally recognized for its importance to birds and plants, hosting species like Francolins, snowy plovers, and little terns. Declared a Nature Protection Area and Ramsar Site, it is perfect for birdwatching and exploring its rich flora.
Rose Gardens in Isparta
Known as the “Rose Garden of Turkey,” Isparta is famed for its flourishing rose industry. The fields fill the air with the sweet aroma of blooming roses, a scent that can be enjoyed from every corner of the city.
Thyme Fields in Hatay
The local thyme variety called zahter is a cornerstone of Hatay cuisine. Once gathered from the mountains, zahter is now cultivated in fields, spreading its fragrance across the region. In Koz Kalesi Village, one of Hatay’s top ecotourism spots, visitors can experience this unique scent firsthand and take home products like dried thyme and thyme-based preserves.
Highlands Full of Oxygen in Mersin
Nestled on the slopes of the Taurus Mountains, Mersin’s plateaus offer refreshing air and stunning natural beauty. These highlands, such as Abanoz Plateau, feature wooden and stone houses surrounded by ancient fir and juniper trees.
The Çamlıyayla (Namrun) area is rich in canyons, caves, lakes, rivers, and forests, making it perfect for rafting, trekking, and other outdoor activities. Nearby, the Cehennem Deresi Canyon provides an exciting trekking route just 4 kilometers from the plateau.
Kapıçam Nature Park in Kahramanmaraş
Located just 5 kilometers from Kahramanmaraş city center, Kapıçam Nature Park spans 183 hectares and includes a Botanical Garden with 425 endemic plant species. Visitors can explore the garden’s ponds, enjoy extreme sports, or relax in the entertainment areas.
Karaçay Waterfall in Osmaniye
Formed by the Karaçay River, the Karaçay Waterfall plunges 25 meters down steep slopes, creating a breathtaking sight for nature enthusiasts. Accessible only by foot, the area around the waterfall is rich in endemic plants native to the Çukurova region, making it a popular destination for picnics and trekking.
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Waterfalls in Antalya
Manavgat Waterfall: Located 3 km north of Antalya’s Manavgat district, Manavgat Waterfall falls from a cliff approximately four meters high. While it is not very tall, its high flow rate and wide cascade create a breathtaking scene, perfect for photography enthusiasts.
Düden Waterfalls: About 10 km from Antalya city center, Düden Waterfalls are divided into Aşağı Düden Waterfall (Karpuzkaldıran Waterfall) and Yukarı Düden Waterfall (Iskender Waterfall). Aşağı Düden spills directly into the Mediterranean Sea from a 40-meter-high cliff, while Yukarı Düden features a cave nearby, offering a tranquil spot for visitors to relax.
Kurşunlu Waterfall: Situated in a two-kilometer canyon in Antalya’s Aksu district, Kurşunlu Waterfall cascades from a height of 18 meters into a picturesque setting of seven interconnected ponds, creating a serene and captivating view.
Lake Eğirdir in Isparta
Lake Eğirdir, Turkey’s fourth-largest lake and second-largest freshwater lake, is located 46 kilometers from Isparta city center. In the summer, its crystal-clear waters and lush, oxygen-rich forests make it a popular destination for swimming and relaxation.
Visitors can enjoy fresh local produce from nearby orchards or dine at small restaurants on Yeşil Ada (Green Island), located within the lake. This peaceful island preserves its historical charm and offers serene views.
Göksu River and Delta in Mersin
The Göksu River, flowing into the Mediterranean in Silifke, spans 91 kilometers, making it an excellent destination for rafting enthusiasts. At its mouth lies the Göksu Delta, covering 10,000 square kilometers.
This delta is a vital bird migration route and home to endangered species like the Purple Gallinule and flamingos. It also serves as a nesting ground for sea turtles like Caretta Caretta and the Green Turtle, alongside many endemic plant species, making it a paradise for birdwatchers and nature lovers.
Kapıkaya Canyon in Adana
Kapıkaya Canyon, located in the Karaisalı district, is 40 km from Adana city center. It features Çakıt Stream, which flows through the canyon, creating a 200-meter-deep gorge.
Seven kilometers of the 20-kilometer-long canyon have been developed for walking trails, surrounded by oleander, plane trees, and pines. This destination is ideal for hikers, slope climbers, and photography enthusiasts.
Başkonuş Plateau in Kahramanmaraş
The Başkonuş Plateau is a natural haven teeming with endemic plants, especially hyacinths and salep. The plateau’s forest is home to deer, birds, and other wildlife. Established as a deer production station in 1987, deer were later released into the wild, and visitors can often spot these majestic animals during forest walks.
Haruniye Thermal Spring in Osmaniye
Located along the Ceyhan River, Haruniye Thermal Spring offers breathtaking views and healing waters. This peaceful retreat is perfect for those seeking relaxation and rejuvenation in nature.
İnsuyu Cave in Burdur
İnsuyu Cave, with its millions of stalactites and stalagmites, spans 597 meters and is located 900 meters above sea level. Visitors can explore its nine pools by small boats while enjoying the constant circulation of cool, clean air.
Believed to have formed over thousands of years, the cave’s water is said to have curative properties, particularly for stomach diseases and diabetes.
Arsuz in Hatay
Arsuz, with its sandy beaches and inviting sea, is one of the region’s most popular resort areas. It is also rich in historical sites such as the Colonnaded Port, Frank Port, Şato Castle, and Bakras Castle, which once played a vital role in controlling caravan routes.
The Column of Jonah, believed by some to mark where the Prophet Jonah was disgorged from the whale, is another must-see site, adding to the historical depth of the region.
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The Sounds of the Dynamic Nightlife in Antalya
Antalya, with its beaches, restaurants, museums, and ancient architecture, is a lively seaside resort offering entertainment both day and night. From the historical Kaleiçi district to the Roman-era harbor, there’s plenty of culture and history to explore during the day. But the excitement doesn’t end when the sun sets!
Antalya’s nightlife offers something for everyone, from live music and cocktails with sea views to late-night clubs and atmospheric opera performances. Whether you’re looking for family-friendly fun or a lively night out, Antalya has it all.
Listen to the Stories of Local Nomads in Mersin and Antalya
The nomadic culture of Anatolia remains alive today, especially in the Taurus Mountains of Mediterranean Turkey. Nomads still move with their sheep, goats, and horses, setting up tents as they search for grazing fields for their animals.
You can hear their fascinating stories by connecting with locals or joining guided tours to learn more about their way of life.
The Sounds of Nature in Adana
Take a relaxing walk along the Seyhan River or Dam Lake in the warm Adana weather. Enjoy a cup of tea while listening to Adana türküleri (folk songs) in the tea gardens by the water.
For those seeking tranquility, Aladağlar National Park, Adana Plateaus, Kapıkaya Canyon, Küp and Obruk Waterfalls, and Akyatan and Tuzla Lagoons offer a peaceful escape. Surrounded by the sounds of nature and the melodies of bird species, these areas provide the perfect getaway from city life.
Antakya Choir of Civilizations in Hatay
The Antakya Choir of Civilizations, composed of 120 individuals from six sects of three major religions, delivers a powerful message of peace and brotherhood through music. This unique choir connects cultures by performing hymns, folk songs, and melodies from various traditions.
Don’t leave Hatay without experiencing the heartfelt performances of this choir, which serves as a bridge between civilizations.
Yeşilgöz Concave in Kahramanmaraş
Located in Tekir Neighborhood, 60 kilometers from Kahramanmaraş city center, Yeşilgöz Concave is renowned for its crystal-clear waters and serene surroundings. Particularly in summer, the calm flow of water invites visitors to immerse themselves in the sounds of nature.
Folk Songs in Osmaniye
In Osmaniye, folk songs tell stories of suffering, love, passion, and longing. The region is known for its bozlak and unmetered uzunhava and kırık hava songs. The works of 18th-century folk poets like Karacaoğlan and Dadaloğlu continue to resonate, making Osmaniye a significant center of Turkish folk culture.
Cittaslow Cities in Isparta
Isparta is home to two Cittaslow cities, Eğirdir and Yalvaç, offering peaceful escapes with rich history and natural beauty:
- Eğirdir: Known for its ever-changing hues and serene ambiance, Lake Eğirdir, Turkey’s fourth-largest lake, is surrounded by apple and peach orchards. The area’s tranquil environment and picturesque views make it an unforgettable destination.
- Yalvaç: Located in the Turkish Lake Region, Yalvaç is a historical town near the ancient city of Antioch in Pisidia, once the capital of the Roman province. With its charming streets and high-altitude setting, Yalvaç is a blend of history and tranquility.
Bird Songs in Burdur
Lake Burdur, with its crystal-clear water and high alkalinity, never freezes and serves as a winter haven for migrating birds. The lake is home to the white-headed duck, a globally endangered species, along with ten other internationally significant waterbird species.
For birdwatchers, Lake Burdur is an unmissable spot, especially during winter, when the area becomes a lively sanctuary for these remarkable creatures.
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Experience Two Seasons on the Same Day in Antalya
Saklıkent, located 50 km from Antalya, is a winter sports haven at an altitude of 1,750-1,900 m on the northern slopes of Bakırlı Mountain. In March and April, you can enjoy skiing in the morning, savor a fresh seafood lunch at Antalya’s marina, and then spend your afternoon sunbathing, swimming, or windsurfing. On your way, make sure to visit Düzlerçamı Park, home to deer and mountain goats, and stop by the breathtaking 115m-deep Güver Canyon for unforgettable views.
Taste the Blue Crab in Mersin
Mersin is known for its blue crabs, with an average of 200-250 tonnes produced annually in the Eastern Mediterranean. These delicious crabs are exported worldwide, but nothing beats tasting them fresh at the local fish shacks in Silifke. Pair this delicacy with an ice-cold beer for an authentic experience!
Visit the Monastery of St. Simon in Hatay
Perched on the highest peak of Samandağ, the Monastery of St. Simon dates back to the 5th century and was a refuge for Stylites, ascetics who lived atop pillars as a form of devotion. Legend says that St. Simon’s pillar grew taller the longer he sat, reaching a height of 13 meters. Pilgrims from around the world visited, believing in his healing powers. This unique historical site offers a glimpse into an extraordinary spiritual tradition.
Ski at Davraz Mountain Ski Centre in Isparta
Davraz Mountain Ski Centre, situated at an altitude of 2,635 meters, is one of Turkey’s leading destinations for winter sports. Located just a short distance from the Mediterranean beaches, it offers the perfect combination of skiing and seaside relaxation for outdoor enthusiasts.
Discover the Old Maraş Mansions in Kahramanmaraş
The Old Maraş Mansions are a stunning example of Turkish civilian architecture, known for their vividly stained-glass bay windows. These unique structures showcase the rich cultural heritage of the region and offer a glimpse into its architectural past.
Learn the History of Ala Mosque in Osmaniye
Located in the Kadirli district, Ala Mosque was originally a Roman basilica built in the late Roman period. Converted into a mosque in the 12th century, it features Syrian-style architecture and elements added during the Ottoman era. This structure is a testament to the interwoven histories of the Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman eras.
Experience Scuba Diving in Kaş, Antalya
Kaş is Turkey’s top diving destination, with over 40 dive sites within a short boat ride from the Old Harbour. The crystal-clear waters provide excellent visibility, showcasing vibrant sea life, coral, ancient amphorae, and even plane wrecks for advanced divers. Notable sites include a Dakota D-C 3 plane at depths of 17-35 meters and a bomber plane wreck at 58-71 meters.
Take the Healing Air at İnsuyu Cave in Burdur
İnsuyu Cave, Turkey’s first cave opened to the public, stretches 600 meters and is filled with stalactites, stalagmites, and lakes. Located in Mandıra village, its cool air and water are said to have healing properties, particularly for stomach ailments and diabetes. The stunning geological formations make it a must-visit destination.
Relax on Excellent Beaches in Mersin
Mersin boasts some of the most beautiful beaches in Turkey. From Ovacık’s secluded shorelines to the pristine waters of Bozyazı and Anamur, visitors can enjoy crystal-clear seas, lush coastal landscapes, and an atmosphere of tranquility. The Peninsula of Ovacık, perfect for diving, and the surrounding sailing waters are particularly enchanting.
Walk Through Kapıkaya Canyon in Adana
Kapıkaya Canyon, located 45 minutes from Adana, is a stunning natural attraction. The canyon features a 7 km walking path, surrounded by oleander, plane, and pine trees. It’s a paradise for hikers, climbers, and photographers, offering spectacular views and a peaceful escape into nature.
